Starter for internal-combustion engines



June 17, 1930. J. HASSELBRING. JR 1,763,702

STARTER FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed Jan. 10, 1929 2Sheets-Sheet. l

M ATTORNEY June 1930. J. HASSELBRING. JR 1,763,702

STARTER FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed Jan. 10. 1929 2Sheets-Sheet, 2

TORNEY.

Patented June 17, 1930 l UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

II'OHN HASSELBRING, JR., OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR -TO ROYALTYHOLDING COMPORATION, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK, A CORPORQTION OF NEW YORKSTARTER FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES Application filed January 10,1929. Serial No. 331,883.

My invention relates to starters for internal combustion engines, andmore particularly to an electrically controlled mechanism which, uponthe closing of a' manually operative 5 switch in. the circuit to theengine ignition system, will operate to successively connect thestarting motor with the engine shaft, and close an electric circuit tothe starting motor and maintain this condition until the engine isoperating under its own power, whereupon it will operateto permit theautomatic interruption of the circuit to the starting motor, and themechanical disconnection of the starting motor from the engine shaft.

Heretofore, electrically controlled starters for internal combustionengines have been extensively used, in which the closing of the ignitionswitch resulted in the closing of a circuit direct tothe starting motorby means of Swan electro-magnet-ic switch, the mechanical connection ofthe motor with the engine shaft occurring as a result of the actuationof the startin motor. With this type of starter,

when t e enginewas operating under its own power, the circuit to themagnetic switch was automatically interrupted, thus interrupting thepower to the starting motor, the stoppage of the starting motorresulting in the automatic disconnection of said motor from the i"engine shaft.

With the type of starter above referred to, the various control deviceswere purely electrical in their functioning, thus adapting them for usesolely with a power transmission means between the starting motor andthe engine shaft, which functioned entirely independently of any of theelectrical controls in the starter, and in which the starting motor wascoupled to the engine shaft following the closing of the circuit to saidmotor.

The type of starter above referred to, not only did not developsuflicient power as av result of the energizing of the electro-magnet todo anything more thanactuate the contact members of the'magneticswitches, but the various electro-magnets were so constructed as toensure reliability in the movement of such contacts and a desiredsensitive action making them responsive to the low potential of thecircuits in which they were arranged,

and possible variation in this potential, particularly as to thegenerator circuit. I

There has also long been'in use, a type of manually operative internalcombustion engine starter in which the coupling between the startingmotor and the engine shaft was manually set by means of a foot pedalwhich, after the setting of the coupling, actuated a switch in a circuitfrom a storage battery or other source to the starting motor.

The type of electrical starter above referred to was not applicable tothis type of manually operative starter. I

- My present invention relates to a deviceineluding therein anarrangement of electrical controls employing magnetic switchesconstructed and combined in a manner similar to that of the electricallycontrolled starters above referred to. These switches, however, are socombined with relation to other me-. chanical and electrical devices inthe starter as to secure an entirely different mode of operation in thedevice as a whole and the adaptation of these old controls to the typeof manually operative starter above referred to. In the operation ofthis device, physical movement is imparted to one of the couplingmembers between the starting motor and the engine shaft, and the switchcontrolling the circuit to the starting motor is not closed untilimmediately after the setting of said coupling members, and such closingis by a purely mechanical movement.

With the new combination and relation of parts of the starter of myinvention, the closing of the ignition switch will result in theactuation of difi'erent electrical controls in succession and in amanner to secure the desired mechanical movement to couple the startingmotor with the engine shaft, to apply power to the starting motorimmediately thereafter, and to maintain this condition until the engineis operating under its own power.

The engine has associated therewith a generator, arranged in a closedcircuit from which is a magnetic switch, so that with the energizing ofthe electro-magnet of this switch, all of the other electrical controlswill be made inoperative, thus permitting, first the intering under itsown power, are highly sensitive.

The construction and arrangement of parts is such that in the event ofthe stoppage of the engine for any reason other than the interruption ofthe circuit to the ignition system, the various electrical devices willimmediately function to automatically set the coupling between thestarting motor and the engine shaft and close the circuit to thestarting motor so as to require no attention from the operator of anautomobile. This automatic re-starting feature is an essentialcharacteristic of the invention, and the combination of parts is such asto secure reliability in this action.

To ensure a properly. timed actuation, and as a safeguard against apossible failure, of the electrical control for interrupting allcircuits in the device, excepting that to the ignition system, a suctiondevice, connected with the engine intake manifold and operative upon themovable contact of the magnetic switch arranged in the generatorcircuit, may be provided in the combination. Notwithstanding that thissuction device is used mainly as a safeguard, it nevertheless cooperatesat all times with the magnetic switch with which it is associated andensures great reliability in the timing of the making, and interruptingof the circuit to the magnetic switch controlled by the ignition switchwhen the engine is operating under. its own power.

The invention consists primarily in a starter for internal combustionengines, of the class in which power. from an electric source istemporarily applied by an electric motor to an engine through a couplinghaving a movable member actuated by a lever,

and in which there are a circuit from said source to said motor, aswitch in said circuit acted upon by said lever, a circuit from saidsource, an ignition system included in said last named circuit and agenerator -driven from said engine, embodying therein anelectro-receptive device having a winding, mechanical connectionsbetween said device and said lever, a normally open magnetic switchhaving a winding and contacts, a circuit from said source including saidcontacts and the winding of said electro-receptive device, a

normally closed magnetic switch having a winding and contacts, thecontacts of which control the circuit including the winding of saidnormally open magnetic switch, a manually operative switchsimultaneously controlling the circuits from said source to saidignition system, and to the contacts of said normally closed magneticswitch and the winding of said formally open magnetic switch, andelectrical connections between said generator and the winding of saidnormally closed magnetic switch; and in such other novel features ofconstruction and combination of parts, as are hereinafter set forth anddescribed, and more particularly pointed out in the claims heretoappended.

Referring to the drawings,

Fig. lis a side elevation, partly in section, of a portion of aninternal combustion engine, showing the starter of my invention appliedthereto;

Fig. 2 is an enlarged detail view of the mechanical'connections betweenthe electroreceptive device and the lever for actuating the couplingmechanism, and the switch controlling the circuit to the starting motor;

Fig. 3 is a plan view of Fig. 2; and

Fig. 4 is a view showing a portion of the mechanical features of theengine, and illustrating diagrammatically the electrical and pneumaticconditions in the starter.

Like numerals and letters refer to like parts throughout the severalviews.

The invention is illustrated in connection with a well knownconstruction of internal combustion engine and its appurtenances. In thedrawings, the engine itself is indicated at E, and its intake manifoldat M.

The ignition system is indicated at I; the

generator driven from the engine at- G, and the starting motor at SM.The source, usually a secondary or storage battery, is shown at B, andthe manually operative switch controlling the circuit from this batteryto the ignition system, at S. Not only are the general construction andarrangement of these parts old and well known in the art, but they aresubject to wide variation, my invention relating to an automaticcontrolling device applicable to such an engine or to similar engines.

In addition to the engine characteristics above referred to, means areprovided by which the power of the motor SM may be temporarily appliedto the engine, this means consisting of a mechanical coupling ordinarilyincluding a gear wheel F carried by the. engine flywheel, a gear wheelH, carried by the shaft of the starting motor SM, and gear wheels J andK carried by a shaft L, the gear J being shiftable upon said shaft.

Acting upon the shaft L is a lever N, connected by the crank and levermechanism 0 with a foot pedal 0 positioned below the instrument board ofan automobile. The motor SM is provided with a normally open springactuated switch mechanism indicated at P, engageable by the lever Ntoward the end of the movement of this lever upon the actuation of thefoot pedal 0. Acting upon the lever N is a spring R, normally returningthis lever to its normal position out of engaging relation with theswitch mechanism P.

The general construction above described is also old and well known inthe art in connection with manually actuated starters. These mechanisms,however, are utilized in the starter of my invention, the purpose ofwhich is to cause the automatic oscillation of the lever N by means ofan electro-receptive device, the circuit to which isso controlled as tocause the temporary engagement of the gears F and J, prior to theactuation of the switch P to close the circuit to the motor SM, and theinterruption of the circuit to the motor SM immediately preceding thedisengagement of said gears respectively. This result is secured by acertain arrangement of magnetic switches which will ensure theenergizing of the electroreceptive device simultaneously wit-h theclosing of the circuit to the ignition system I, and the de-energizationof said electroreceptive device independently of the actuation of saidswitch S, when the engine is operating under its own power. Thisarrangement ensures that at all times, while the engine is operatingunder its own power, the circuit to the motor SM will be interrupted andthe coupling between same and the engine shaft will be inoperative, butinstantly, in the event of the stoppage or material slowing down of themotor while the switch S is closed, the gear J will be shifted and thecircuit to the starting motor automatically closed so as to re-start theengine. As generally stated in this particular art, the stalling of theengine is prevented by the use of the starter of the invention.

While, in a starter embodying the invention, the lever N may be actuatedthrough the foot pedal 0 by the link and lever connections O, I alsoplace this lever under the control of an electro-receptive deviceconsisting of a pivoted solenoid 10, the core 11 of which is pivotallyconnected by means of a yoke 12 and stem 13 with an offset bracket 14,pivoted at 15 to said lever N. This bracket consists of a pair of spacedplates, shown more particularly in Fig. 3, positioned upon oppositesides of the lever N and provided with a connecting pin 16 engageablewith said lever. nects the link and lever system 0 to said lever N. Thecore 11 is loosely mounted in the opening in the solenoid 10 so as tonot only permit ease in the movement of said core, but permit a floatingaction thereof to compensate for the are described by the yoke The pivot15 also con- 12, stem 13 and the core 11, with the movement of saidbracket 14.

The winding of said solenoid 10 is in direct connection through theleads 17, 18 and 19 with the source B, which source is grounded.

at G Said winding is also connected by the lead 20 through the fixedcontacts 21 and 22 and movable contact 23 of a magnetic switch with theground as shown at G A spring 24 acts upon the movable contact 23 tonormally maintain it out of engagement with the fixed contacts 21 and22. In this manner, the winding of the solenoid is in its own circuitfrom the source B, so that the solenoid may be so constructed as todevelop the desired power without regard to any other electricalconditions in the starter.

The switch mechanism P, shown conventacts 25 and 26, and a bridgecontact 27 havlever N, a spring 28 acting to normally maintain thecontact 27 out of engagement with the contacts 25 and 26. The contact25is in circuit with the source B through the leads 18 and 19. The contact26 is connected directly with the starting motor SM through the lead 29,thus causing the motor SM to be connected directly with the source Bwhen the switch P is closed by the lever N. At G I have shown the groundconnection for the motor, completing this circuit. I

It will be noted that the lead 19 feeds the ignition system I, andcontains therein the manually operative switch S, and that the lead 18tapsthe lead 19 between the switch S and thesource B, so that the switchS has no direct influence in controlling the circuit to the motor SM, orthe circuit to the winding of the solenoid 10.

The movable contact 23 of the magnetic switch controlling the circuit tothe solenoid 10 is actuated by means of a solenoid 30, the core 31 ofwhich is connected with said movable contact and actuates the sameagainst the tension of the spring 24 having a normal tendency todisengage said movable contact from the fixed contacts 21 and 22. Oneend of the winding of the solenoid 30 is connected by a lead 32, throughcontact members 33 and 34 and lead 35, with the lead 19 between theswitch S and the ignition system I. The contact 34 is movable, beingnormally engaged with the opposed fixed contact 33 by the spring 36.

By this arrangement it will be noted that the circuit to the winding ofthe solenoid 30 is directly controlled by the switch S, so long as theengine is not operating, and when the engine is operating under its ownpower, directly by the contacts 33 and 34, which are under the controlof an ordinary electro-magnetic winding 37, which is in circuit with thegenerator G through a lead 38 and, with the ground connection G througha lead '39. The ground connection for the generator Gris shown at G"=.In connection with the generator G, I have shown an ordinary automaticcutout C also grounded at G.

, The contact 34 is pivoted at the point of connection with the lead 35therewith, and is provided with an extension 40 acted upon by a stem 41of a piston 42, mounted within a cylinder 43. Acting upon said piston42, with a normal tendency to move the stem outwardly of the cylinder.43, is a spring 44. Communicating with one end of the cylinder 43 is apipe connection 45, leading to the engine manifold M.

By this arrangement it will be noted that the magnet 37 and the piston42 act simultaneously upon the movable contact 34 in disengaging thiscontact from the fixed contact 33, and that the springs 36 and44 actsimultaneously to cause the engagement of these contacts, and that inthe event of a failure of the magnet 37 or of the piston 42 to actproperly while the other is operative, nevertheless the contact 34 willstill be actuated to interrupt the circuit to the winding of thesolenoid 30.

The spring R is connected with the arm N by means of the plate 46,having the spaced openings therein so as to permit the adjustment of thetension of this spring in order to approximately balance the power ofthe spring with that which the solenoid 10 may develop. Other means ofadjustment may be.

used, but this affords a simple adjustment means.

The solenoid 30 and its contacts, the magnet 37 and its contact, and thecylinder 43 and its appurtenances are all contained within a casing ASshown in Fig. 1. While the contents of the casing AS havebeen'extensively used in connection with an all-electrical control for astarting device, their relation to other mechanisms and devices in thestarter of my present application results in an entirely new mode ofoperation as a wohle, which operation will now be described.

Assuming that the electrical and pneumatic conditions areas illustratedin Fig. 4 of the drawings, and that the mechanical conditions are asillustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, the engine E will be at rest. When thedriver of an automobile desires to start the engine he merely actuatesthe switch S to close the circuit from the battery to the ignitionsystem I, so that upon the turning over the engine, the charge deliveredto some of the cylinders will be ignited. The closing of this switch Swill also complete the circuit from the source B through the leads 19and 35, contacts 34 and 33, lead 32 and the winding of the solenoid 30,thus energizing said solenoid.

With the movement of the core 31 inwardly of the winding of the solenoid30, the bridge contact 23 will be engaged with the-fixed contacts 21 and22, thus closing a circuit from the source B through the leads 19, 18and 17, the winding of the solenoid 10, the connection 20 between sameand the contact 21 and the ground connection G thus energizing thissolenoid as a result of the energizing of the solenoid 30. i

The movement of the core 11 of the solenoid 10, following the energizingof said solenoid will impart to the yoke 12 and stem 13 a reciprocatorymovement which will act upon the offset bracket 14 to impart oscillatorymovement to the lever N against the tension of'the spring R. Theoscillation of said lever N will first shift the gear J to the left,Fig. 1, to engage said gear with the gear F, the gear K being meshedwith gear H. After such engagement of the gears, the end of the leverN'will engage the self-opening switch P, and therethrough impartmovement to the movable contact 27 of said switch against the tension ofthe spring 28 of said switch, (see Fig. 4) so as to engage it with thefixed contacts 25 and 26. This will close a circuit direct from thesource B through the leads 18 and 19, contacts 25, 26 and 27 and lead 29to the starting motor SM, and thus develop power in said motor which isapplied through the gears HK and J--F to the engine shaft. This relationof parts will be maintained by the solenoid 10 until the engine isoperating under its own power at a speed which will actuate thegenerator G and develop suiiicient power to energize the winding of theelectromagnet 37. The energizing of this magnet will attract the movablecontact 34 and thus disengage it'from the contact 33 and interrupt thecircuit from the Source B, through Zaid contacts, to the winding of thesolenoid With the de-energizing of said solenoid 30, the spring 24 willmove the contact 23 out of engagement with the contacts 21 and 22, thusinterrupting the circuit in which the winding of the solenoid 10 isincluded, tie-energizing said solenoid and permitting the'spring R toimpart a return movement-to the lever N,

drawing the core 11 outwardly of the solenoid 10, and successivelyseparating the contact 27 from the contacts 25 and 26 and moving theshaft L to the right until the gear J is disengaged from the gear F. Inother unconnected with the windings of the other magnets or solenoids,and there isadire'ct flow of current from the source to thestartingmotor without passing it through any of the electro-receptive dev cesincluded in the either the generator or the suction device,

when they are working to their full efficiency, are capable of actuatingthe movable contact member 34. their conjoint use ensures a degree ofreliability in the action of each not inherent to either alone. a

While the winding 37 and the suction device may each be considered. as asafeguard against the improper actuation of the solenoid 10, in theevent of the failure of the other to function, the possibility of suchfailure is so remote that the combination of both of these devices inthe starter may be considered merely from the standpoint of theincreased reliability which is secured, rather than the safeguardafi'orded.

It is a well known fact that devices operated by suction developed inthe engine manifold are subject to a wide range of variation in theirworking conditions, due to varying suctions developed in the manifold asa result of sudden changes of position of the throttle valve of acarburetor. It is true, that ordinarily these conditions are butmomentary, nevertheless they exist, particularly with the suddenacceleration of engine speed. This acceleration of engine speed,

however, will ensure a more effective operaion of even a poor generator.At lower speeds, however, particularly at idling speeds, the generatorand the suction device both operate at low efiiciency.

Under the first condition, the magnet 37, with its increasedefiici-ency, will overcome the tendency of the spring 44 of the suctiondevice to actuate the contact 34.

Under the second condition, the magnet 37 and the suction device willdevelop sufiicient combined power to actuate said contact 34 to causethe interruption of the circuit to the solenoid 30.

There is a third condition, when the automobile engine is operating atmoderate speeds, in which case both the magnet 37 and t e suction devicewill operate to develop more than sufiicient power to maintain thecontact 34 out of engaging relation with the contact 33.

Consequently, the use of both the suction device and the magnet is totake care of extraordinary conditions when their combined action isnecessary to avoid possibility of the clashing and possible mutilationof gears as a result of the actuation of" the solenoid 10 while theengine is running.

It will be noted that the operation of the device is dependent solelyupon the switch S. If this switch be open, the starter cannot beactuated in the manner described. The foot pedal O need not be used,although since this is a part of the standard equipment of a car, it maybe retained. The spring R, as stated, is the ordinary spring, and thehole in the lever N usually used for attaching this spring to said leveris, in the present, utilized for securing the plate 46 in relation tothe lever. The pin 16 ensures the application of the power from thebracket 14 to the lever N, and is used merely because the plates of thebracket 14 are attached by means of a pivot to the lever N, which alsoserves as a connection for the link and lever system 0, and this pin 16secures additional strength and reliability of the o eration of thelever.

The etails of construction herein described, particularly those relatingto the mechanisms employed for connecting the core 11 of the solenoid 10with the lever N, are utilized to adapt the starter for use uponotherwise completed cars, or to facilitate its distributionvas anaccessory.

Particularly if the starter of the invention is to be included as a partof the standard equipment of a car, such details may be varied withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Having described the invention, what I claim as new and desire to haveprotected by Letters Patent, is 2-- 1. In a starter for internalcombustion engines, of the class in which power from an electric sourceis temporarily applied by an electric motor to an engine through acoupling having a movable member actuated by Y a lever, a circuit fromsaid source to said motor, a switch in said circuit acted upon by saidlever, acircuit from said source, an ignition system included in saidlast named circuit, and a generator driven from said engine, anelectro-receptive device having a winding, mechanical connectionsbetween said device and said lever, a normally open magnetic controllingthe circuits from said source to.

said ignition system, and to the contacts of said normally closedmagnetic switch and the winding of said normally open magnetic switch,and electrical connections between said generator and the winding ofsaid normally closed magnetic switch.

2. In a starter for internal combustion engines, of the class in which'power from an electric source is temporarily applied by an electricmotor to an engine having an intake manifold through a coupling having amovable member actuated by a lever, and in" which there are a circuitfrom said source to said motor, a switch in said circuit acted upon bysaid-lever, a circuit from said source, an 1gnition system included insaid last named circuit and a generator driven from said engine, anelectro-receptive device having a winding, mechanical connectionsbetween said device and said lever, a normally open magnetic switchhaving a winding and contacts, a circuit from said source including saidcontacts and the winding of said electroreceptive device, a normallyclosed magnetic switch having a winding and contacts, the contacts ofwhich control the circuit including the winding of said normally openmagnetic switch, and one of which contacts is pivotally mounted, amanually operative switch simultaneously controlling the circuits fromsaid source to said ignition system, and to the contacts ofsaid normallyclosed magnetic switch and the winding of said nor- Y mally openmagnetic switch, electrical connections between said generator and thewinding of said normally closed magnetic switch, a suction device,connections between same and said engine manifold, and connectionsbetween same and said pivotally mounted contact. r

3. In a starter for internal combustion engines, of the class in whichpower from an electric source is temporarily applied by an electricmotor to an engine through a coupling having a movable member actuatedby a lever, a circuit from said source to said motor, a switch in saidcircuit acted upon by said lever, a circuit from said source, anignition system included in said last named circuit and a generatordriven from said engine, a solenoid having a winding and a core, abracket carried by said lever, a spring acting upon said lever, meanspivotally' connected with said bracket and connected with the core ofsaid solenoid, whereby with the energizing of said solenoid, said leverwill be actuated to set said coupling and act upon said switch includedin the circuit from said source to said motor, and with thede-encrgizing of said solenoid, said spring will restore said parts totheir normally inoperative positions, a normally open magnetic switchhaving a winding and contacts, a circuit from sai source including saidcontacts and the winding of said solenoid, a normally closed magneticswitch having a winding and contacts, the contacts of which control thecircuit including the winding of said normally open magnetic switch, amanually operative switch simultaneously controlling the circuits fromsaid source to said ignition system, and to the contacts of saidnormally closed magnetic switch and the winding of said normally openmagnetic switch, and electrical connections between said generator andthe winding of said normally closed magnetic switch. I

4. In a starter for internal combustion engines, of the class in whichpower from an electric source is temporarily applied by an electricmotor to an engine having an intake manifold through a coupling having amovable member actuated by a lever, and in which there are-a circuitfrom said source to said motor, a switch in saidcircuit acted upon bysaid lever, a circuit from said source, an ignition system included insaid last named circuit and a generator driven from said engine, asolenoid having a winding and a core, a bracket carried by said lever, aspring acting upon said lever, means pivotally connected with saidbracket and connected with the core of said solenoid, whereby with theenergizing of said solenoid, said lever will be actuated to set' saidcoupling and act upon said switch included in the circuit from saidsource to said motor, and with the de-energizing of said solenoid, saidspring will restore said parts to their normally inoperative positions,a normally open magnetic switch having a winding and contacts, a circuitfrom said source including said contacts and the winding of saidsolenoid, a normally closed magnetic switch having a winding andcontacts, the contacts of which control the circuit including thewinding of said normally open .magnetic switch, and one of whichcontacts is pivotally mounted, a manually operative switchsimultaneously controlling the circuits from said source to saidignition system, and to the contacts of said normally closed magneticswitch and the winding of said normally open magnetic switch, electricalconnections between said generator and the winding of said normallyclosed magnetic switch, a suction device, connections between same andsaid engine manifold, and connections between same and said pivotallymounted contact.

5. In a starter for internal combustion engines, of the class in whichpower from an electric source is temporarily applied by an electricmotor to an engine through a coupling having a movable member actuatedby a lever, a circuit from said source to said motor, a switch in saidcircuit acted upon by said lever, a circuit from said source, anignition system included in said last named circuit and a generatordriven from said engine, a solenoid having a winding and a core, abracket carried by said lever, a spring acting upon said lever, meanspivotally connected with said bracket and connected with the core ofsaid solenoid, whereby with the energizing of said solenoid, said leverwill be actuated to set said coupling and act upon said switch includedin the circuit from said tive positions, means whereby the tension ofsaid spring may be adjusted so that its tension will be properlyproportioned to the power developed by said solenoid, a normally openmagnetic switch having a winding and contacts, a circuit 'from saidsource including said contacts and the winding of said solenoid, anormally closed magnetic switch having a winding and contacts, the contacts of which control the circuit including the winding of saidnormally open magnetic switch, a manually operative switchsimultaneously controlling the circuits from said source to saidignition system. and to the contacts of said normally closed magneticswitch and the winding of said normally open magnetic switch, andelectrical connections between said generator and the winding of saidnormally closed magnetic switch.

6. In a starter'for internal combustion engines, of the class in whichpower from an electric source is temporarily applied by an electricmotor to an engine having an intake manifold through a coupling having amovable member actuated by alever, in which there are a circuit fromsaid source to-said motor, a switch in said circuit acted upon by saidlever, a circuit from said source, an ignition system included in saidlast named circuit and a generator driven from said engine, a solenoidhaving a winding and a core, a bracket carried by said lever, a springacting upon said lever, means pivotally connected with said bracket andconnected with the core of said solenoid, whereby with the energizing ofsaid solenoid. said lever will be actuated to set said coupling and actupon said switch included in the circuit from said source to said motor,and with the de energizing of said solenoid. said spring will restoresaid parts to their normally inoperative posltions, means whereby thetension of said spring may be ad1ustcd so that its tenvsion will beproperly proportioned to the power developed by aid solenoid, a normallyOpen magnetic switch having a winding and contacts, a circuit from saidsource includ ing said contacts and the winding of said solenoid, anormally closed magnetic switch having a winding and contacts, thecontacts device, connections between same and said engine manifold, andconnections between same and said pivotally mounted contact.

7. In a starter for internalcombustion engines, of the class inwhichpower from an electric source is temporarily applied by an electricmotor to an engine through a coupling having a movable member actuatedby a lever, a circuit from said source to said motor, a switch in saidcircuit acted upon by said lever, a circuit from said source, anignition system included in said last named circuit and a generatordriven from said engine, a solenoid having a winding and a core, abracket carried by-said lever, a spring acting upon said lever, a forkedmember pivotally connected with said bracket, a stem carried bysaid'forked member and connected with the core of said solenoid, wherebywith the energizing'of said solenoid, saidlever will be actuated to setsaid coupling and act upon said switchincluded in the circuit fromsaidsource to said motor, and with the de-energizing of said solenoid,said spring will restore said parts to their normally inoperativepositions, a normally open magnetic switch having a winding andcontacts, circuit from said source including said contacts and thewinding of said solenoid, a normally closed magnetic switch having awinding and contacts, the contacts of which control the circuitincluding the winding of said first named magnetic switch, a manuallyoperative switch simultaneously controlling the circuits from saidsource to said ignition system, and to the contacts of said normallyclosed magnetic switch and the winding of said normally open magneticswitch, and

electrical connections between said generator and the Winding of saidnormally closed magnetic switch.

8. In a starter for internal combustion engines, of the class in whichpower from an electric source is temporarily applied by an electricmotor to an engine through a coupling having a movable member actuatedby a lever, a. circuit from said source to said motor, a switch in saidcircuit acted upon by said lover, a circuit from said source, anignition system included in said last named circuit and a generator isdriven from said engine, an electro-receptive device having a winding,mechanical connections between said device and said lever, a normallyopen magnetic switch havin a winding and contacts, a circuit from saisource including said contacts and the winding of said electro-receptivedevice, a normally closed magnetic switch having a winding and contacts,the contacts of which control the circuit including the winding of saidnormally open magnetic switch, a manually operative switchsimultaneously controlling the circuits from said source to saidignition system, and to the contacts of said normally closed magneticswitch and the winding of said normally open magnetic switch, electricalconnections between said generator and the winding of sa1d normallyclosed magnetic switch, a foot pedal, and a link and lever connectionbetween said foot pedal and said lever, whereby said movable member ofsaid switch, in a circuit from said source to said motor, may bemanually actuated independently of said electro-receptive device.

In witness whereof I have hereunto affixed my signature this 10th day ofDecember, 1928.

JOHN HASSELBRING, JR.

